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How Ukraine and Iran Rewrote the Rules of War

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Paris (Imran Y. CHOUDHRY) :- Former Press Secretary to the President, Former Press Minister to the Embassy of Pakistan to France, Former MD, SRBC Mr. Qamar Bashir analysis : History is often written by great powers. Yet occasionally, history takes a different course and is rewritten by nations that refuse to surrender. The wars in Ukraine and Iran may ultimately be remembered as such moments. Though different in geography, culture and circumstances, both conflicts delivered the same strategic lesson: overwhelming military strength, economic dominance and technological superiority no longer guaranteed military and political victory.
For decades, the international system operated on an assumption that major powers could ultimately impose their will upon smaller states. The experiences of Ukraine and Iran have challenged that assumption. In doing so, they may have altered not only the nature of warfare but also the future direction of global politics.
Russia entered Ukraine in February 2022 believing that its superior military power, larger population, greater economic resources and vast nuclear arsenal would quickly force Kyiv into submission. Instead, it became one of the most costly military miscalculations of modern times.
Russia possesses approximately 16.4 million square kilometers of territory, making it the largest country in the world. Ukraine covers roughly 579,000 square kilometers. Russia’s economy before the conflict exceeded $2.4 trillion, while Ukraine’s economy was only a fraction of that size. Russia enjoyed superiority in military manpower, industrial capacity, missile forces and strategic reserves.
Yet Ukraine refused to collapse. With substantial support from Europe and the United States, combined with extraordinary national determination, Ukraine transformed itself into one of the most innovative military forces in modern history. Ukrainian engineers, military planners and scientists pioneered large-scale drone warfare, integrated battlefield intelligence and precision long-range strikes. They demonstrated that innovation could compensate for numerical inferiority.
As the war evolved, Ukraine carried the battlefield deep into Russian territory. Airfields, logistics centers, energy infrastructure and strategic military facilities once believed beyond reach became vulnerable. Russia discovered that military power alone could not guarantee security. This represented a profound strategic shock. A smaller nation had denied a much larger power the victory it expected.
The second shock came in the Middle East. Unlike Ukraine, Iran did not enjoy broad Western military support. For decades, Iran operated under sanctions, financial restrictions and diplomatic pressure. Its economy remained constrained compared to the overwhelming economic power of the United States and Israel. America’s economy exceeds $28 trillion annually. Israel possesses one of the world’s most technologically advanced military establishments. Iran’s economic and military resources are significantly smaller by comparison.
Yet Iran possessed advantages that could not be measured solely in GDP, military spending or advanced weapon systems. It possessed strategic depth, resilience and geography. Iran’s ability to absorb pressure while maintaining its military and political cohesion surprised many observers. Rather than relying on conventional parity, Tehran emphasized missiles, drones, asymmetric warfare and maritime leverage. It demonstrated that a state facing superior conventional military power could nevertheless impose significant costs on stronger adversaries.
Most importantly, Iran highlighted the strategic importance of geography. The Strait of Hormuz, through which approximately one-fifth of global oil consumption and more than one-quarter of seaborne oil trade passes, became a focal point of international concern. Suddenly, a regional conflict was no longer merely a regional conflict. It became a potential threat to the global economy.
History demonstrates that major powers often respond to resistance by increasing pressure rather than reassessing assumptions. What begins as a regional confrontation can gradually expand geographically and economically. Maritime competition can spread from one strategic corridor to another. Economic warfare can become a global phenomenon affecting billions of people who have no direct connection to the original conflict.
This is perhaps the most important lesson emerging from both Ukraine and Iran.
Modern warfare is no longer fought exclusively with tanks, aircraft and artillery. It is increasingly fought through drones, cyber capabilities, intelligence networks, financial systems, supply chains and strategic chokepoints. Geography itself has become a weapon.
The implications are profound.
Middle powers throughout the world are closely observing these developments. They see that drones costing thousands of dollars can threaten systems worth millions. They see that intelligence and innovation can offset numerical disadvantages. They see that geography can provide leverage against stronger opponents. Most importantly, they see that determined resistance can frustrate even the most powerful adversaries.
Yet this lesson contains a dangerous paradox. If asymmetric warfare allows smaller states to resist larger powers, what happens when larger powers become frustrated? The answer may lie in the world’s nuclear arsenals.
The experiences of Ukraine and Iran are likely to influence strategic thinking across the globe. Some major powers may conclude that conventional military superiority is no longer sufficient to guarantee desired outcomes. Some smaller powers may conclude that international law alone cannot guarantee security. Both conclusions risk producing the same result: increased reliance on nuclear weapons.
For nuclear-armed states, the temptation may arise to rely more heavily upon nuclear deterrence when conventional coercion proves insufficient. For non-nuclear states, the lesson may be that survival ultimately requires acquiring a nuclear capability of their own. Such a trend would be extraordinarily dangerous.
For this reason, the long-term lesson of these conflicts should not be nuclear expansion but renewed nuclear disarmament. A stable international system cannot permanently rest upon a hierarchy in which some states possess ultimate weapons while others do not. Lasting security requires moving toward a universally applied and verifiable framework that reduces and ultimately eliminates nuclear arsenals.
Equally important is the need to reform international governance. The wars in Ukraine and Iran have revived longstanding debates regarding the structure of the United Nations. Critics argue that the veto power enjoyed by the five permanent members of the Security Council frequently prevents effective collective action and allows geopolitical interests to override broader international consensus.
Many advocates of reform contend that decisions affecting international peace and security should more accurately reflect the collective judgment of the international community. They argue that the authority of the General Assembly should be strengthened and that mechanisms should be developed to reduce paralysis caused by competing vetoes.
Whether such reforms are politically achievable remains uncertain. Nevertheless, the debate itself reflects growing frustration with a system many view as increasingly disconnected from contemporary realities.
The fundamental challenge facing humanity today is therefore larger than any single war. The challenge is whether the international community can adapt its institutions, strengthen international law, preserve the freedom of global commerce and reduce reliance on military coercion before future crises become even more dangerous.
Ukraine and Iran have demonstrated that technology, geography, innovation and national determination can challenge even the strongest powers. They have shown that military superiority does not automatically translate into political success. They have revealed the vulnerability of global supply chains, maritime commerce and existing security structures. Above all, they have reminded the world that the pursuit of dominance often produces resistance rather than submission.
The future now presents two possible paths. One path leads toward greater militarization, nuclear proliferation, expanding maritime confrontation and intensified geopolitical rivalry. The other leads toward institutional reform, collective security, strengthened international law and renewed commitment to diplomacy.
The choice between those paths will determine not merely the outcome of future conflicts but the future of international order itself.

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USA vs Iran: Back to Square One

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Paris (Imran Y. CHOUDHRY) :- Former Press Secretary to the President, Former Press Minister to the Embassy of Pakistan to France, Former MD, SRBC Mr. Qamar Bashir analysis : Since February 28, President Donald Trump has repeatedly declared that a breakthrough agreement with Iran was imminent. The message was consistent: diplomacy was progressing, a deal was close, and Iran would not acquire nuclear weapons. Yet each time Washington and Tehran appeared near the finish line, a new escalation pulled them back from the edge of agreement to the edge of war. In the eyes of many observers, Israel repeatedly emerged as the decisive spoiler, throwing a spanner into the diplomatic process whenever the United States and Iran seemed close to sealing a deal. What could have become a major diplomatic achievement has instead returned to full-scale confrontation.
The latest crisis has again exposed the contradiction at the heart of American policy. Washington says it wants a deal, but its military posture keeps expanding. It speaks of diplomacy, yet continues to rely on air power, naval deployments, missile strikes, sanctions, and military threats. The result is not peace, not victory, and not a settlement. It is simply a return to square one.
The downing of a U.S. Apache helicopter in the Persian Gulf has now become a symbol of this dangerous drift. The Apache is not just a helicopter; it is an emblem of American military power. Its presence near Iran raises a simple but powerful question: what was an American war machine doing thousands of miles away from the United States, operating so close to Iranian waters and territory? If an Iranian helicopter were hovering near American shores, Washington would never describe it as harmless. Yet when U.S. assets operate near Iran, any Iranian response is immediately labeled aggression.
This is where the language of “self-defense” has been turned upside down. When Israel attacks Lebanon, Syria, Gaza, or Iran, it is called self-defense. When the United States strikes Iranian assets, it is called self-defense. But when the targeted country responds, its response is called escalation or aggression. This manipulation of language has become one of the most dangerous weapons of modern war. The attacker claims defense; the defender is branded the aggressor.
The collapse of the latest ceasefire is especially painful because considerable diplomatic effort had gone into preventing a wider war. Pakistan, among others, played a quiet but important mediating role in helping bring the parties back from the brink. Those efforts proved that even bitter adversaries can step away from disaster when diplomacy is given space. But now, once again, that work appears to have been wasted by renewed escalation.
This renewed conflict also comes at the worst possible time for the United States. America jointly with Mexico and Canada is hosting the FIFA World Cup 2026, one of the greatest sporting events in human history. This should have been a moment of celebration, unity, culture, football, and global goodwill. Instead of seeing the world united under the banner of sport, audiences are again watching missiles, military briefings, oil shocks, and fears of regional war.
Football represents everything war destroys. In football, nations compete without killing. They struggle without hatred. They fight for victory within rules accepted by all. Winners celebrate; losers congratulate. The entire world comes together under one umbrella. That is the spirit FIFA brings. But the spirit now emerging from Washington and Tel Aviv is the opposite: domination, escalation, coercion, and destruction.
The deeper issue is that this war is not only about Iran’s nuclear program but a part of a broader regional project in which Israel seeks to reshape the Middle East under the cover of permanent insecurity. The controversy in the United Kingdom over Israeli-linked efforts to market or sell property connected to occupied West Bank settlements while war is still raging in the middle east is therefore not a side issue. It fits into a larger pattern. While war dominates the headlines, land consolidation continues quietly. While the world watches missiles and drones, facts on the ground are created brick by brick, road by road, settlement by settlement.
This is why the West Bank real-estate controversy matters. It shows how occupation is converted into commerce, how captured land is repackaged as investment, and how political control is normalized through private transactions.
In this reading, the project of “Greater Israel” is not pursued only through tanks and aircraft. It is also pursued through land sales, demographic engineering, diplomatic pressure, lobbying, and the gradual normalization of illegal occupation. War becomes the smoke screen; real estate becomes the instrument.
Israel is also laying down the trap for Washington. The United States is being pushed to fight a war whose ultimate benefits may not belong to America at all. If Iran is weakened, isolated, or broken, the greatest strategic winner may be Israel. If Iran’s resources, geography, and regional influence are neutralized, Israel’s dream of uncontested regional supremacy moves closer to reality. America pays the price in money, lives, global reputation, inflation, oil shocks, and military overstretch, while Israel advances its own long-term project.
This reality creates a profound strategic dilemma. For months, the United States and its allies have relied on the same war machinery: air strikes, naval pressure, missile attacks, sanctions, intelligence operations, and threats. These tools have failed to produce decisive political results. Iran remains intact. If the same tactics failed in the first phase of the war, there is little reason to believe that continuing them for another year will produce a different result.
This is why Washington must recognize the danger before it is trapped. Israel and its hawks in Washington are creating conditions in which America will eventually be told that it has only two choices: put boots on Iranian soil or use nukes.
But those are not America’s only choices. The United States can still choose independent judgment. It can separate American national interests from Israeli strategic ambitions. It can refuse to be dragged into a war designed by others and paid for by America.
The lesson is therefore clear: before considering any step that could transform a regional confrontation into a far larger and potentially uncontrollable conflict, American policymakers must carefully ask whether such actions genuinely advance U.S. national interests or merely advance objectives conceived by Israel. The answer to that question may determine not only the future of the current crisis but also the future balance of power across the entire Middle East.

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Apache Down, Peace Deal Up?

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Paris (Imran Y. CHOUDHRY) :- Former Press Secretary to the President, Former Press Minister to the Embassy of Pakistan to France, Former MD, SRBC Mr. Qamar Bashir analysis : The reported downing of a U.S. Apache attack helicopter over the Persian Gulf has emerged as one of the most consequential developments since the ceasefire and diplomatic process began following Pakistan’s mediation efforts earlier this year. More than the loss of a sophisticated military platform, the incident has exposed the increasingly complex realities confronting all parties involved in the conflict. It has highlighted Iran’s continuing ability to resist militarily, demonstrated the vulnerability of even the most advanced weapons systems, and intensified the pressure on policymakers in Washington to decide whether the future lies in diplomacy or escalation.
President Trump responded by stating that the United States would have to respond to the attack. Yet the challenge confronting Washington extends far beyond retaliation. The United States now finds itself caught between competing strategic realities. On one hand, it seeks to maintain deterrence and demonstrate military credibility. On the other hand, it is increasingly aware that further escalation could jeopardize broader diplomatic objectives and drag the region into an even more dangerous confrontation.
What makes the current moment particularly significant is that it comes while Washington is actively attempting to pursue a negotiated settlement with Iran. At the same time, Israel continues to pursue military operations that increasingly appear to diverge from American priorities.
This divergence has become especially visible in Lebanon. President Trump has reportedly expressed frustration over continued military operations that risk undermining the fragile diplomatic process. Iran has repeatedly insisted that any lasting agreement must include an end to hostilities in Lebanon and the withdrawal of Israeli forces from disputed areas. From Tehran’s perspective, regional peace cannot be divided into separate compartments. The future of Lebanon, Gaza, and broader Middle Eastern security are interconnected components of the same strategic equation.
The result is that President Trump faces growing pressure from every direction. Within the United States, ordinary citizens are increasingly concerned about rising fuel prices, inflation, supply chain disruptions, and economic uncertainty. What was originally presented as a campaign designed to pressure Iran is increasingly imposing costs on American households. Higher energy prices, transportation expenses, and business uncertainty have transformed a distant conflict into a domestic political challenge.
Members of Congress, political commentators, and policy experts are also questioning the long-term objectives of the conflict. Many argue that the war lacks a clearly defined strategic end state and risks becoming another open-ended military engagement in the Middle East. The growing skepticism reflects a broader public mood that increasingly favors diplomacy over military escalation.
Compounding these pressures is the approaching 2026 FIFA World Cup. The tournament will be unprecedented in scale and significance. For the first time in history, three countries—the United States, Canada, and Mexico—will jointly host the world’s largest sporting event. Organizers hope the tournament will showcase not only football but also the technological, cultural, and organizational capabilities of North America.
For President Trump, therefore, securing a diplomatic breakthrough before the World Cup begins carries substantial political and strategic value. Such an achievement would allow him to claim that his administration prevented a wider regional war, restored stability to energy markets, and removed a significant geopolitical risk before one of the most watched sporting events in human history.
Against this backdrop, the reported loss of the Apache helicopter creates several possible paths forward. The first possibility is restraint. Washington could avoid a major military response and instead accelerate diplomatic engagement. Such a strategy would prioritize negotiations and attempt to transform the incident into an opportunity for renewed diplomacy.
The second possibility is escalation. The United States could conclude that failure to respond decisively would weaken deterrence and encourage further attacks. Under this scenario, Washington could expand military operations, potentially triggering a broader regional confrontation involving multiple actors.
The third possibility is a calibrated response. The United States could conduct limited military actions intended to restore deterrence while avoiding a full-scale escalation. Such an approach would seek to balance military credibility with diplomatic flexibility.
Of these options, the third appears the most practical. It would allow Washington to respond to the incident without completely abandoning the possibility of a negotiated settlement. Yet even this approach carries risks, particularly if miscalculations trigger unintended consequences.
The most effective path forward may be for Washington to clearly and publicly define its interests independently from Israel’s broader regional agenda. The United States could state unambiguously that its objectives are limited to regional stability, freedom of navigation, economic security, and the protection of American interests. By dissociating itself from any broader regional ambitions pursued by Israel, Washington could fundamentally transform the diplomatic landscape.
Such a move would immediately create space for direct negotiations between the United States and Iran. For decades, efforts at reconciliation have repeatedly collapsed under the weight of regional crises and competing agendas. A clear declaration that Washington seeks neither regime change nor participation in wider regional rivalries could remove one of the principal barriers preventing a durable settlement.
Under such circumstances, a peace agreement between Washington and Tehran could move forward on a fast-track basis. Both countries possess strong incentives to avoid a prolonged confrontation. The United States seeks economic stability, secure energy supplies, and freedom from another expensive military commitment. Iran seeks sanctions relief, economic normalization, security assurances, and international reintegration. These objectives are not inherently incompatible and could form the basis of a comprehensive agreement.
Such an arrangement would effectively leave Iran and Israel to manage their own disputes without direct American involvement. Supporters of this approach argue that regional actors are ultimately best positioned to establish their own security balances and define their own relationships. They contend that excessive external involvement has often prolonged rather than resolved conflicts.
History demonstrates that Israel’s strategic position has benefited enormously from decades of American political, economic, diplomatic, and military support. Advocates of strategic separation argue that if Israel were required to rely primarily upon its own capabilities and resources, it might reassess some of its regional policies and adopt a more pragmatic approach toward its neighbors. In their view, only under such circumstances would Israel begin to behave as a normal state operating within the accepted norms of international relations rather than as a state shielded by the overwhelming support of a superpower.
Whether one agrees with this assessment or not, the debate itself is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore. The fundamental question facing Washington is whether American interests are best served by continuing to align its regional strategy with Israel’s or by pursuing a more independent course centered exclusively on American priorities.
History often turns on moments that initially appear tactical but later reveal themselves to be strategic. The reported downing of the Apache helicopter may prove to be one such moment. It may become the event that compels policymakers to reconsider old assumptions, redefine national interests, and pursue new diplomatic possibilities. If wisdom prevails, it could mark the beginning of a new chapter in U.S.-Iran relations and create the conditions for a broader regional peace.

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From Arms Control to Arms Race: A Dangerous Global Drift

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Paris (Imran Y. CHOUDHRY) :- Former Press Secretary to the President, Former Press Minister to the Embassy of Pakistan to France, Former MD, SRBC Mr. Qamar Bashir analysis : Scott Ritter is not an ordinary commentator on war, nuclear weapons, or international security. A former U.S. Marine Corps intelligence officer, United Nations weapons inspector in Iraq, and one of the most recognizable voices in the global arms-control debate, Ritter has spent decades studying the relationship between military power, diplomacy, and nuclear deterrence. Speaking recently at a major international forum in Russia, often described as the Russian equivalent of Davos, Ritter delivered a stark warning that the world today may be closer to a nuclear disaster than at any time since the Cold War. Reflecting on the collapse of arms-control agreements and the growing militarization of international politics, he lamented what he described as the death of diplomacy in the field of disarmament. His message was both simple and alarming: humanity is moving backward, not forward, and unless the major powers rediscover the principles of restraint, rationality, and respect for human life, the world could enter an era of unprecedented danger.
His central argument was simple but profound: arms control represented the highest expression of human rationality. It was an acknowledgment by rival nations that despite political differences, ideological conflicts, and strategic competition, the survival of humanity required restraint. It reflected an understanding that the destructive power of modern weapons had reached a level where war could no longer be treated merely as an extension of politics. The stakes had become existential.
According to Ritter, that rationality began to erode during the Iraq crisis. He argued that disarmament became a pretext rather than a genuine objective and that geopolitical ambitions gradually replaced diplomacy as the primary instrument of international relations. Whether one agrees with his interpretation or not, his broader concern deserves serious attention. The international arms-control architecture painstakingly built over decades has weakened significantly. Major treaties have expired, been abandoned, or lost their relevance. Strategic trust between great powers has deteriorated. A new arms race is emerging, and the world appears increasingly polarized.
The tragedy is that the countries possessing the greatest power also carry the greatest responsibility. The United States and Russia remain the two most influential nuclear powers on earth. Together they possess the overwhelming majority of the world’s nuclear weapons. Their actions, policies, and strategic calculations shape the global security environment more than those of any other nations. Yet instead of leading the world toward renewed disarmament, both are increasingly engaged in geopolitical confrontations that reinforce insecurity and mistrust.
The war in Ukraine has become one of the most dangerous conflicts of the modern era. Russia views the conflict through the lens of security, strategic depth, and national interest. Critics, however, see it as an attempt to impose Russian influence over a neighboring state and undermine its sovereignty. Regardless of perspective, the war has revived fears of direct confrontation between nuclear powers and has accelerated military spending across Europe.
At the same time, tensions in the Middle East continue to intensify. The United States and its allies remain deeply engaged in regional conflicts and strategic rivalries, particularly involving Iran. Washington argues that preventing nuclear proliferation is essential for global security. Yet many observers point to an uncomfortable contradiction: the United States remains the only nation in history to have used nuclear weapons in warfare, when atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II.
This historical reality continues to shape perceptions around the world. Critics argue that nuclear powers often demand restraint from others while maintaining vast arsenals of their own. Such perceptions, whether justified or not, contribute to a growing sense of double standards in international relations.
The debate becomes even more complex in the Middle East. Israel is widely believed to possess a significant nuclear capability, although it maintains a policy of strategic ambiguity. Iran, meanwhile, insists that its nuclear program is peaceful and points to religious rulings that reject nuclear weapons. Yet the distrust between regional actors remains profound. The result is a security dilemma in which every action taken by one side is viewed as a threat by another.
History demonstrates that military superiority often encourages competitors to seek counterbalances. When one state acquires overwhelming power, others search for ways to protect themselves. Sometimes that means conventional military expansion. Sometimes it means alliances. In the most dangerous circumstances, it means pursuing nuclear capabilities.
This dynamic helps explain why concerns about proliferation are growing. Many smaller states observe the international system and conclude that nuclear deterrence may be the ultimate guarantee of sovereignty. Whether that conclusion is correct or not, it is becoming increasingly influential. The lesson many countries draw from recent conflicts is that weakness invites pressure while strength commands respect.
The consequences extend far beyond the battlefield. As security fears rise, governments allocate larger portions of their budgets to military spending. Resources that might otherwise be directed toward education, healthcare, infrastructure, scientific research, and social welfare are diverted toward defense. The opportunity cost is enormous. Humanity’s greatest challenges—poverty, climate change, disease, food insecurity, and technological inequality—remain unresolved while nations invest trillions in preparing for conflicts they hope never occur.
The fundamental question is therefore not whether nations have the right to defend themselves. Every sovereign state possesses that right. The real question is whether security can ever be achieved through endless accumulation of weapons alone.
History suggests otherwise. True security emerges when power is balanced by responsibility, strength by restraint, and competition by diplomacy. Military capability may deter aggression, but it cannot create trust. It cannot generate legitimacy. It cannot build the stable international order necessary for long-term peace.
That is why disarmament remains an essential objective, even if it appears politically unrealistic today. The process cannot begin with weaker states alone. It must start with the nations possessing the largest arsenals and the greatest influence. The United States and Russia must eventually return to meaningful strategic dialogue. Other nuclear powers must be incorporated into broader frameworks of transparency and accountability. Regional security arrangements must address the fears that drive proliferation in the first place.
Most importantly, global leaders must rediscover the moral foundation that once underpinned arms-control efforts. The value of human life must once again become the central principle guiding security policy. Rationality must prevail over ideology, and diplomacy must take precedence over confrontation.
The alternative is deeply troubling. A world defined by perpetual military competition, expanding nuclear arsenals, collapsing arms-control agreements, and increasing geopolitical hostility is a world moving steadily toward greater danger. In such an environment, even a single miscalculation could have catastrophic consequences.
Humanity today stands at a crossroads. One path leads toward renewed diplomacy, strategic restraint, and gradual disarmament. The other leads toward an increasingly militarized international system where insecurity breeds further insecurity. The choice should not be difficult. In the nuclear age, disarmament is not merely an idealistic aspiration. It is an existential necessity.
The ultimate lesson is clear: nations may compete, disagree, and defend their interests, but they must never lose sight of a simple truth. There can be no winners in a nuclear catastrophe. If civilization is to endure, the pursuit of peace must once again become stronger than the pursuit of power.

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