Pakistan News
Kashmir: Why India and Pakistan fight over it

Nuclear-armed neighbours India and Pakistan have fought two wars and a limited conflict over Kashmir. But why do they dispute the territory – and how did it start?
How old is this fight?
Kashmir is an ethnically diverse Himalayan region, covering around 86,000 sq miles ( 222,738 sq km), and famed for the beauty of its lakes, meadows and snow-capped mountains.
Even before India and Pakistan won their independence from Britain in August 1947, the area was hotly contested.
Under the partition plan provided by the Indian Independence Act, Kashmir was free to accede to either India or Pakistan.
The maharaja (local ruler), Hari Singh, initially wanted Kashmir to become independent – but in October 1947 chose to join India, in return for its help against an invasion of tribesmen from Pakistan.
A war erupted and India approached the United Nations asking it to intervene. The UN recommended holding a referendum to settle the question of whether the state should join India or Pakistan. However the two countries could not agree to a deal to demilitarise the region before the referendum could be held.
In July 1949, India and Pakistan signed an agreement to establish a ceasefire line as recommended by the UN and the region became divided.

A second war followed in 1965. Then in 1999, India fought a brief but bitter conflict with Pakistani-backed forces.
By that time, both India and Pakistan had declared themselves to be nuclear powers.
Today, Delhi and Islamabad both claim Kashmir in full, but control only parts of it – territories recognised internationally as “Indian-administered Kashmir” and “Pakistan-administered Kashmir”.
Why is Indian-administered Kashmir so unstable?
Within Kashmir, opinions about the territory’s rightful allegiance are diverse and strongly held. Many do not want it to be governed by India, preferring either independence or union with Pakistan instead.
Religion is one factor: Jammu and Kashmir is more than 60% Muslim, making it the only state within India where Muslims are in the majority.
An armed revolt has been waged against Indian rule in the region for three decades, claiming tens of thousands of lives.
India blames Pakistan for stirring the unrest by backing separatist militants in Kashmir – a charge its neighbour denies.
A sudden change to Kashmir’s status on the Indian side in 2019 exacerbated the situation.
Indian-administered Kashmir had held a special position within the country historically, thanks to Article 370 – a clause in the constitution which gave it significant autonomy, including its own constitution, a separate flag, and independence over all matters except foreign affairs, defence and communications.
On 5 August 2019, India revoked that arrangement – as the governing Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) of Prime Minister Narendra Modi had promised in its election manifesto.
After months of tension following the Indian move – during which thousands were jailed or put under house arrest – violence in the region declined. Indian officials pointed to improved infrastructure, tourism, and investment as signs of greater stability.
But arrests continued, and critics argued that that calm had come at the cost of civil liberties and political freedoms.
How serious is the latest escalation?
The deaths of more than 40 Indian soldiers in a suicide attack on 14 February 2019 – the deadliest targeting Indian soldiers in Kashmir since the insurgency began three decades ago – led to a major flare-up.
India launched air strikes in Pakistani territory – the first such action since 1971 – sparking retaliatory raids and an aerial dogfight.
The 2019 events ended any hope of a thaw in the immediate future.
However, relative calm followed until 27 April 2025, when militants attacked tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir, killing 26 civilians.
Delhi moved quickly with retaliatory measures – closing the main border crossing, suspending a key water-sharing treaty, expelling diplomats, and halting most visas for Pakistani nationals – who were given days to leave.
Delhi also barred all Pakistani aircraft – commercial and military – from its airspace, mirroring Islamabad’s earlier move.
Pakistan retaliated with its own visa suspensions and suspended a 1972 peace treaty with India.
Troops on both sides exchanged intermittent small-arms fire across the border.
Then on 7 May 2025, India hit a number of sites in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
The threshold for escalation has shifted dramatically since 2019. Cross-border and aerial strikes by India have become the new norm, provoking retaliation from Pakistan. This has further intensified an already volatile situation.
Kashmir remains one of the most militarised zones in the world.
The US and the international community have been calling on both India and Pakistan to de-escalate tensions, but it is unclear whether these calls will be heeded.
Weren’t there high hopes for peace in the new century?
India and Pakistan did indeed agree a ceasefire in 2003 after years of bloodshed along the de facto border (also known as the Line of Control).
Pakistan later promised to stop funding insurgents in the territory, while India offered them an amnesty if they renounced militancy.
In 2014, Modi came to power promising a tough line on Pakistan, but also showed interest in holding peace talks.
Nawaz Sharif, then prime minister of Pakistan, attended Modi’s swearing-in ceremony in Delhi.

But the apparent thaw did not turn to peace.
Taken From BBC News
Pakistan News
Pakistan High Commission, London Convenes Experts on Leveraging AI in Healthcare in Pakistan

Pilot projects for Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems in major hospitals, starting from Islamabad, to be implemented with public-private partnership in AI and Health
The High Commission of Pakistan in London, hosted a high-level workshop on “Leveraging AI in Healthcare in Pakistan”, bringing together policy makers, AI experts, medical professionals, and academics from the UK and Pakistan.
The session was opened by the High Commissioner, who underscored the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence to improve healthcare governance, diagnostics, electronic medical records, and medical education in Pakistan. In his pre-recorded keynote address the Federal Minister for National Health Services, Regulations & Coordination, Dr. Syed Mustafa Kamal, emphasised the need to embrace modern technologies and AI to improve public healthcare in Pakistan. In his remarks, Dr. Zubir Ahmed MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the UK Department of Health and Social Care, shared UK’s experience in integrating innovation and AI to enhance health equity and access.

A distinguished line-up of speakers spoke on a range of critical themes. Mr. Abu Bakar, CEO of the Pakistan Software Export Board (PSEB), shared his vision for digital transformation and enabling health technology innovation in Pakistan. Ms. Ayesha Hussain, Data Governance Lead at University of Leeds, discussed responsible AI and data quality frameworks to ensure affordable, accessible, and high-quality healthcare delivery. Mr. Omer Butt, Co-founder of Vita Healthcare Solutions, built a case for AI use-cases that reduce waiting times and treatment delays, while addressing inequities in care delivery. Dr. Mahdi Murtaza – a young doctor – presented a pathway to leverage AI for primary care transformation in Pakistan and development of AI curriculum for medical professionals.

Dr. Suhail Chughtai, Clinical Director for Orthopaedics & Trauma, London, and AI Division Chair at UK Digital Health & Care, spoke about developing an AI-enabled Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system for Pakistan. Professor Jawwad Arshad Darr, Vice Dean of Enterprise at UCL’s MAPS Faculty and Co-founder of UPSIGN, presented strategies for training and developing academic capacity for AI research in Pakistan. Dr. Shahid Latif, Chair of the British Pakistani Psychiatrists Association, focused on AI in mental health care, while Ms. Zehra Shah, CEO of OPEN London, spoke about responsible AI in healthcare and its ethical implications. The discussion concluded with Mr. Rehman Qamar, Chief Project Officer at NADRA, who highlighted how NADRA’s citizen database could underpin secure, scalable digital health systems and EMR integration in Pakistan.
Participants agreed on several key outcomes, including the need for a national AI-enabled health data strategy, public-private partnership in AI and Health, the piloting of EMR systems in major hospitals, and the development of AI training curricula for medical professionals. They noted that building a Responsible AI Framework in Healthcare, which embeds Responsible AI principles into AI Applications and processes, was a must. They also agreed to re-convene to discuss other aspects of AI in healthcare in coming days.
The High Commissioner reaffirmed its commitment to present these recommendations to the stakeholders in Islamabad, ensuring that Pakistan could harness AI to deliver better healthcare for every citizen.
London, 24th September 2025
Pakistan News
Pakistan’s Voice of Conscience at the United Nations

Paris (Imran Y. CHOUDHRY) :- Former Press Secretary to the President, Former Press Minister to the Embassy of Pakistan to France, Former MD, SRBC Mr. Qamar Bashir analysis : In the crowded halls of diplomacy, where words often drown in endless speeches, moments arise that define not only the speaker but the nation behind him. Such a moment recently came when Pakistan’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ambassador Asim Iftikhar, stood before the world and dismantled Israel’s attempt to misuse Pakistan’s sacrifices in the fight against terrorism to justify its indiscriminate assault on Gaza. His intervention not only forced an unprecedented apology from Israel’s ambassador, Danny Danon, but also reaffirmed Pakistan’s moral authority as the voice of conscience for the Muslim world and for oppressed people everywhere.
For me, this triumph was not just a matter of national pride but also personal reflection. Two years ago, while waiting for an audience with President Arif Alvi in Islamabad, I met Ambassador Asim Iftikhar as he prepared to assume his responsibilities as Pakistan’s envoy to France. In those quiet minutes, I found him to be articulate, deeply thoughtful, and radiating professionalism. There was in his demeanor a rare blend of intellectual precision and quiet confidence, qualities that I felt would take him far in representing Pakistan. That impression, formed in the corridors of the presidency, has since been vindicated in the most remarkable way, culminating in his recent performance at the United Nations where he shone not only as Pakistan’s voice but as the spokesperson of the Muslim world.
The confrontation that revealed his strength of character unfolded when the Israeli ambassador attempted to draw an analogy between Israel’s bombardment of Gaza and the U.S. operation in Abbottabad, Pakistan, which killed Osama bin Laden. It was a deliberate distortion, intended to cloak genocide in the language of counterterrorism, and it invoked Pakistan’s history in a way that was both misleading and offensive. Ambassador Iftikhar rose with words that pierced the façade. He reminded the world that Pakistan had been a frontline state in the global fight against terrorism, losing more than seventy thousand men, women, and children, dismantling terror networks, and rendering sacrifices unmatched by any other nation. “Pakistan’s record,” he declared, “is bright, recognized worldwide, and written in the blood of its martyrs.” He then turned the analogy on its head, pointing out with clarity that invoking Pakistan’s sacrifices to justify the mass killing of innocents in Gaza was “outrageous, incoherent, and morally indefensible,” for what Israel was doing was not counterterrorism but genocide, ethnic cleansing, and the conversion of Gaza into a slaughterhouse.
The chamber fell silent. Rarely does rhetoric give way to truth so powerfully, and rarely is propaganda so effectively exposed. The weight of his words left Israel’s representative cornered, and in a rare act of contrition, Danny Danon publicly apologized to Pakistan, admitting that invoking its name had been inappropriate. It was more than a diplomatic win; it was a narrative triumph, a moment where Pakistan’s honor was defended, its sacrifices acknowledged, and Israel’s distortion dismantled. For Pakistan, it was a reminder of the power of words when spoken with conviction, and for the Muslim world, it was proof that a principled voice could still rise above the noise of power politics.
This intervention was not an isolated act but part of a larger continuum of Ambassador Iftikhar’s work. Again and again at the United Nations, he has projected the suffering of Gaza and the West Bank with unflinching clarity. In June this year, he declared before the General Assembly that “the situation in Gaza is a stain on our collective conscience. Over fifty-five thousand lives have been lost, including eighteen thousand children and twenty-eight thousand women. Infrastructure has been razed—homes, hospitals, schools, cultural heritage, places of worship. Famine looms. Humanitarian workers and UN personnel are being attacked with impunity. This is not just a humanitarian catastrophe; it is a collapse of humanity.” These were not the words of a man speaking only for Pakistan. They were the words of a diplomat mobilizing the conscience of the world, urging not only the Muslim community but all of civilization to act, to recognize that without justice there can be no peace. He has repeatedly called for the only viable solution: the realization of a two-state solution on pre-1967 borders, with Al-Quds Al-Sharif as the capital of a sovereign, independent, and contiguous State of Palestine.
By vividly describing demolished schools, destroyed hospitals, displaced families, starving children, and the blockade of humanitarian aid, he has carried the Palestinian tragedy from the rubble of Gaza to the chambers of the United Nations, where it cannot be ignored. He has mobilized not just the Muslim world but also neutral states, civil society, and even hesitant Western capitals to rethink their silence. His interventions have contributed to the momentum behind resolutions in the General Assembly, including Pakistan’s pivotal role in the historic vote affirming the two-state solution, a success story of multilateral diplomacy where Pakistan once again played a leading role.
His diplomacy is marked by dignity. In confronting Israel, he did not descend into anger or hyperbole. Instead, he marshaled facts, invoked moral clarity, and exposed propaganda with surgical precision. He reminded the world that the fight against terrorism cannot be equated with the slaughter of innocent civilians, and in doing so, he not only defended Pakistan’s honor but also gave voice to the millions of Palestinians trapped under bombardment and occupation. His words carried the weight of truth, and truth compelled even Israel, often shielded by its allies, to apologize.
This was Pakistan at its finest—firm, dignified, principled. It was not just defending its own history but championing the cause of justice for Palestine, exposing tyranny, and mobilizing the conscience of the world. For me, watching this unfold brought back that first impression I had of him in Islamabad, a man destined to leave his mark. He has not only fulfilled that promise but exceeded it, standing tall as a diplomat whose words moved nations and whose voice gave hope to the oppressed.
The United Nations may often be a theater of speeches with little consequence, but sometimes, words alter the moral landscape. Through Ambassador Asim Iftikhar, Pakistan has shown that truth, when spoken with conviction, can silence distortion, compel apologies, and remind the world that dignity and justice still matter. In that chamber, Pakistan’s voice was heard and respected. It was the voice of a nation that has suffered and sacrificed, yet continues to stand for justice—not only for itself but for all oppressed peoples. And in that moment, Pakistan reminded the world that diplomacy, at its best, is not about power but about conscience, and that conscience, when articulated with courage, can still shake the foundations of injustice.
Pakistan News
Ambassador Mumtaz Zahra Baloch Meet The Pakistani Students In France

Paris (Imran Y. CHOUDHRY):- Ambassador Mumtaz Zahra Baloch held an interactive session with a group of Pakistani students in France. The Ambassador listened to the views and concerns of Pakistani students and outlined the various initiatives of the Government of Pakistan to support overseas Pakistanis.


She underscored the important role of Pakistani students and academia in promoting Pakistan-France relations and encouraged them to act as a cultural bridge between the two societies.
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