American News
America and Israel Destroy, China Builds
Paris (Imran Y. CHOUDHRY) :- Former Press Secretary to the President, Former Press Minister to the Embassy of Pakistan to France, Former MD, SRBC Mr. Qamar Bashir analysis : The world is witnessing two sharply different models of power. One is built on guns, wars, sanctions, blockades, occupations, assassinations, regime-change operations and destruction. The other is built on ports, roads, railways, power plants, industrial zones, trade corridors, reconstruction and development. The first model is represented most visibly by the United States and Israel. The second is increasingly associated with China.
History is full of evidence that the American model of global power has often revolved around war. Some wars may have been unavoidable, especially when great powers were pulled into global conflicts such as World War I and World War II. But many others were wars of choice, launched or prolonged to impose American will, reshape regions, control resources, punish governments, or demonstrate military supremacy. Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Libya, Yemen, Iran and now the wider Middle East are all examples where American power has produced extraordinary destruction, displacement and instability.
The financial and human cost of this approach is staggering. World War II cost the United States more than $4 trillion in today’s dollars and caused over 405,000 American military deaths, while the global death toll exceeded 70 million. The American Civil War killed between 620,000 and 750,000 Americans. The Vietnam War cost around $1 trillion and killed more than 58,000 U.S. soldiers, besides millions of Vietnamese. The Korean War cost nearly $389 billion and killed over 36,000 American troops. The post-9/11 wars alone have cost around $8 trillion, according to Brown University’s Costs of War project, while direct violence killed more than 940,000 people and indirect consequences may have caused several million more deaths.
These wars did not merely kill soldiers. They destroyed homes, schools, universities, hospitals, bridges, factories, roads, water systems and entire economies. They triggered mass migrations that reshaped Europe, America and many other host countries, creating new social, cultural, religious and political tensions. The victims were not statistics. They were sons, fathers, mothers, daughters, workers, teachers, doctors, soldiers and civilians whose lives were crushed under the machinery of geopolitics.
Israel has acted as a miniature version of this same model in the Middle East. It has lived in permanent conflict with its neighbors and has repeatedly used overwhelming military force in Gaza, Lebanon, Syria, Iran and beyond. Its doctrine of retaliation is often grossly disproportionate: one rocket, one soldier, or one security incident is used to justify the destruction of entire apartment blocks, neighborhoods and civilian infrastructure. Gaza has been reduced to rubble. Lebanon has been repeatedly bombed. Iran has been targeted through airstrikes, sabotage and assassinations. The West Bank is being swallowed through occupation, settlements and military domination.
Even more dangerous is the growing use of civilian technology for military and assassination purposes. Phones, cameras, digital platforms, satellites, navigation systems and commercial data can be turned into tools of tracking, targeting and killing. When such technologies are used to assassinate officials, scientists, commanders or political figures across borders, it violates not only sovereignty but also the basic principles of international law and humanitarian conduct.
The recent war involving Iran, Israel and the United States has again exposed this destructive logic. According to the timeline reported by the Center for Preventive Action and several media outlets cited in that record, the conflict included U.S. strikes, Iranian retaliation, Israeli attacks in Lebanon and Iran, disruption in the Strait of Hormuz, damage to infrastructure, and serious questions over implementation of a U.S.-Iran framework agreement. By mid-June 2026, reports suggested a preliminary agreement that included a sixty-day cessation of hostilities, reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, phased sanctions relief, possible release of frozen Iranian assets, and a reported $300 billion private investment fund for Iran, with more than half already committed.
This is where the contrast becomes most striking. The countries that bombed, sanctioned, blockaded, occupied and destroyed are reluctant to pay for reconstruction. According to reported statements, the United States does not want to spend its own dollars rebuilding Iran, even though its military role contributed directly to the destruction. Instead, Washington wants other countries and private capital to finance recovery. This is the old imperial pattern: destroy with public military power, then outsource reconstruction to others.
China, by contrast, has stepped forward with a different language. Beijing has expressed sadness over the destruction in Iran and Lebanon and indicated willingness to participate in recovery and reconstruction. Even if the exact financial amount is not yet fully defined, the symbolism is powerful. While others dropped bombs, China offered to rebuild. While others destroyed roads, bridges, power stations and cities, China speaks of reconstruction, livelihood restoration and development.
This is not an isolated gesture. It fits China’s broader global strategy. The Belt and Road Initiative has become one of the largest development and connectivity programs in modern history. Its cumulative global financial engagement has reportedly reached around $1.399 trillion, including roughly $837 billion in construction contracts and $561 billion in non-financial corporate investments. Around 150 countries have joined the BRI through agreements with Beijing. In 2025 alone, BRI engagement reportedly reached $213.5 billion across hundreds of deals.
The economic impact is immense. Trade between China and BRI partner countries has reached nearly $19.1 trillion over the decade. BRI countries now account for roughly half of China’s exports and more than half of its imports. The initiative has financed roads, ports, railways, power plants, industrial parks, mining projects, renewable energy, digital networks and manufacturing facilities. In 2025 alone, reported BRI activity included $93.9 billion in energy, $32.6 billion in mining and metals, and $28.7 billion in technology and manufacturing.
Pakistan is one of the clearest examples. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, officially launched in 2015, became the flagship project of the BRI. Its first phase was initially valued at $46 billion and later expanded to about $62 billion. Around $33 billion was directed toward energy projects, including coal, solar and transmission infrastructure. About $11 billion went into transport infrastructure, including road modernization and strategic connectivity. Other funds supported Gwadar, urban transport, industrial development and communications.
The results are visible. Pakistan, once crippled by energy shortages, added thousands of megawatts of electricity generation capacity. Projects such as the Port Qasim Coal Power Project, Quaid-e-Azam Solar Power Park, Orange Line Metro Train in Lahore, road networks, Gwadar development and transmission lines changed the country’s infrastructure landscape. Around $25 billion has reportedly already been executed across dozens of completed or operational ventures. CPEC Phase II now aims to move beyond roads and energy into industrialization, agriculture modernization, special economic zones, mining, IT, research, corporate farming, small and medium enterprises and export-led growth.
This is how China projects power: by creating dependencies, yes, but also by creating assets. A road remains after the ceremony ends. A power plant keeps producing electricity. A port creates jobs. A railway connects markets. An industrial zone gives people work. A reconstructed bridge restores life. Whether one supports or criticizes Chinese policy, its method of influence is fundamentally different from the method of bombs and blockades.
The lesson for the developing world is clear. A country may be destroyed by military might, but a nation cannot be won by destruction. Fear can silence people temporarily, but respect is earned by helping them live, work, trade, travel and prosper. The United States and Israel may win battles through firepower, but China is winning influence through infrastructure, investment and reconstruction. In the end, history will not only remember who fired the missiles. It will also remember who rebuilt the bridges.
American News
America’s Iran Strategy in Disarray
Paris (Imran Y. CHOUDHRY) :- Former Press Secretary to the President, Former Press Minister to the Embassy of Pakistan to France, Former MD, SRBC Mr. Qamar Bashir analysis : The United States’ confrontation with Iran has entered a dangerous and increasingly incoherent phase as after months of military action, diplomacy, renewed bombing and contradictory declarations from Washington, the central question remains unanswered: What, precisely, does the United States seek to achieve?
President Donald Trump had already warned that Iran would be hit hard. Yet, almost in the same breath, he indicated that he did not expect the wider war to restart, that any further action would end quickly and that negotiations involving Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner could continue.
These are not merely variations in tone. They represent fundamentally different strategic paths: renewed diplomacy, limited punitive strikes, prolonged coercion, comprehensive military defeat or regime change.
A great power can keep its adversary guessing as a deliberate tactic. But unpredictability becomes dangerous when allies, markets, military commanders, diplomats and citizens cannot determine whether the ambiguity is calculated or whether policy itself is being improvised from one crisis to the next.
The original justification for military action centered on the assertion that Iran was approaching nuclear weapons capability and posed an urgent threat to Israel and the United States. However, Vice President J.D. Vance later suggested that Iran remained far from developing an immediate nuclear threat. Such a statement inevitably weakens the urgency that was invoked to justify the war. If the threat was not imminent, why was a large-scale attack necessary? If it was imminent, why has the conflict now narrowed primarily to tankers, tolls and freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz?
The war’s declared goals have repeatedly shifted. Preventing nuclear weaponization was followed by demands to destroy missile and drone infrastructure. The contradiction became especially visible in Washington’s position on transit charges. Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated unequivocally that no country may impose tolls or fees on an international waterway.
President Trump later announced that the United States, acting as the “Guardian of the Hormuz Strait,” would charge a fee equal to 20 percent of the value of cargo moving through the waterway as compensation for American protection. He subsequently reversed that proposal and said Gulf states would instead provide trade and investment commitments to the United States.
The Memorandum of Understanding was supposed to create a pathway back from war. Iran claimed that Washington had breached the agreement through renewed sanctions, attacks in southern Iran and continued support for Israeli military action.
American officials accused Tehran of attacking commercial shipping and violating the spirit of the ceasefire. Rather than serving as a bridge toward a comprehensive settlement, the MOU became another contested document interpreted differently by each side.
The crisis also exposed major differences between Washington and Israel. Vice President Vance accused elements within the Israeli government of attempting to manipulate American public opinion and derail U.S.-Iran diplomacy. He argued that a well-funded influence campaign was designed to keep the war going and shift U.S. policy away from negotiation.
His remarks were extraordinary. Disagreements between American and Israeli governments are not unprecedented, but a sitting vice president publicly alleging that figures within an allied government were attempting to manipulate U.S. political judgment marked a profound rupture. Vance went even further by suggesting that, without Israeli influence, the United States might not have entered the conflict in the same manner.
This raises a question that can no longer be avoided: Is American policy toward Iran being determined primarily by the independent national interests of the United States, or is it being shaped by Israel’s separate strategic objective of permanently weakening Iran?
Israel may consider a fragmented, militarily devastated and politically unstable Iran advantageous because it would remove its strongest regional rival. But such an outcome would impose enormous costs on the United States, Europe and the wider Middle East. Iran is not a small or institutionally hollow state. It has nearly 95 million people, a substantial industrial base, deep historical institutions, strategic geography and a complex society.
Destroying Iran without a credible plan for what follows could produce state fragmentation, insurgency, terrorism, economic collapse, refugee flows and prolonged regional warfare. The consequences would not remain confined to Israel’s immediate security environment. They would affect global energy supplies, European migration, shipping insurance, American military deployments and international markets.
Trump himself now appears trapped between escalation and restraint. Weeks of American and Israeli attacks failed to force Iran into unconditional surrender. The economic reality limits Washington’s freedom of action. A prolonged conflict in the Strait of Hormuz could raise fuel, transportation, manufacturing and food costs across the United States. Trump must therefore reconcile his promise to demonstrate military strength with his domestic political need to avoid another inflationary shock before congressional elections.
The war has never commanded overwhelming public support. Influential conservative voices, including Tucker Carlson and Megyn Kelly, have argued that Trump was manipulated into pursuing Israel’s war. Meanwhile, hawkish conservatives attacked the MOU for conceding too much to Iran and questioned why the conflict had been fought if Washington was ultimately prepared to compromise.
Trump is thus pressured from both directions. Restraint invites criticism from hawks who demand Iran’s defeat. Escalation risks alienating anti-war elements of his political base, increasing oil prices and dragging the country into another open-ended Middle Eastern conflict.
Congress is reflecting this transformation. In July 2026, 103 House Democrats voted to remove approximately $3.3 billion in military assistance to Israel from a spending measure. The amendment failed because almost every Republican and a substantial number of Democrats voted to retain the aid. Nevertheless, it was the first time in modern memory that a majority of House Democrats voting on such an amendment supported eliminating Israel’s military funding.
At the same time, Section 219 of the National Defense Authorization Act, which seeks deeper U.S.-Israel integration in artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, biotechnology, data fusion and defense networks, has generated concerns that Israel could gain excessive access to sensitive American technology and greater influence over U.S. defense policy.
The absence of coherence is now evident across the American leadership. Trump alternates between threats, negotiations, economic demands and talk of decisive victory. Rubio invokes international law against Iranian tolls while serving an administration that briefly proposed its own 20 percent maritime charge. Vance supports diplomacy and publicly accuses Israeli figures of undermining American policy. Congress is divided over aid, technology sharing and the legality of military action.
These are not minor messaging differences. They suggest that competing power centers are pursuing different diagnoses of the conflict, different priorities and different endgames.
The latest reported pause in attacks, following diplomatic intervention involving Pakistan and Field Marshal Asim Munir, may offer another opportunity to return to negotiations. But another temporary pause will not be enough. The United States needs a comprehensive strategy with clearly stated objectives, enforceable obligations, a realistic exit mechanism and a distinction between American and Israeli national interests.
The writing is now on the wall. American society is increasingly skeptical of wars without clear objectives, aid without accountability and alliances that appear to constrain independent policy. Unless Washington restores coherence, the Iran conflict will deepen public distrust, unsettle markets, weaken diplomatic credibility and create lasting psychological and economic costs at home.
American News
Is Israel the Biggest Threat to the US?
Paris (Imran Y. CHOUDHRY) :- Former Press Secretary to the President, Former Press Minister to the Embassy of Pakistan to France, Former MD, SRBC Mr. Qamar Bashir analysis : For decades, the United States has viewed Israel as its most trusted ally in the Middle East—a beacon of democracy, a strategic bulwark, and a partner in shared values. Yet a growing body of evidence suggests this relationship has evolved into something far more complicated, raising an uncomfortable question: could Israel actually be the biggest threat to American security and sovereignty?
When we examine cyber capabilities, espionage activities, influence operations, and legislative maneuvers, Israel emerges as a uniquely dangerous actor—one whose authorized access to American systems makes it more capable of doing harm than any traditional adversary.
Israel’s cyber warfare capabilities are widely considered among the most sophisticated in the world, with the Pentagon’s Defense Intelligence Agency rating its espionage threat against the US as “critical”—the highest designation available.
The country has demonstrated this prowess through operations like the mass pager explosions in Lebanon and the Stuxnet virus, but what makes Israel uniquely threatening is that these capabilities were largely built with American assistance, meaning they understand US systems from the inside out.
This insider knowledge, combined with their own innovations, arguably gives them an asymmetric advantage over other adversaries like China or Russia, who lack the same level of authorized access to American military and intelligence infrastructure.
The espionage is not hypothetical—Israel has been caught numerous times planting spyware on the phones of American Iran negotiators, attempting to place listening devices inside US Secret Service vehicles, and running the infamous Jonathan Pollard spy ring.
These incidents represent a pattern of behavior inconsistent with an ally relationship and more characteristic of an adversarial power operating against American interests. While China and Russia certainly conduct espionage against the US, neither has the same level of institutionalized access to American systems, making Israel’s intelligence-gathering capabilities uniquely dangerous and harder to detect.
Perhaps the most alarming development is the revelation that the Israeli government engaged Brad Parscale, Donald Trump’s former campaign manager, to run a multimillion-dollar digital influence campaign targeting American conservatives to prevent them from turning against Israel.
The operation escalated to the point where Vice President JD Vance publicly accused elements within the Israeli government of funding a campaign “to try to derail the negotiation” of a US-Iran deal and attacking him personally to shift American foreign policy in Israel’s favor.
When a sitting US Vice President must publicly call out a foreign government for attempting to undermine American foreign policy, the relationship has moved beyond normal ally dynamics into dangerous territory.
The legislative threat is even more concrete—Section 219 of the NDAA would have effectively merged the US and Israeli military industrial bases, allowing joint weapons development and granting Israel co-ownership of American weapons systems.
While the Senate blocked this proposal by a narrow 50-46 vote, the fact that nearly half of US senators supported such an unprecedented surrender of sovereignty demonstrates the depth of Israeli influence within the American legislative branch.
Prime Minister Netanyahu framed this as moving “from aid to partnership,” but critics like Representative Thomas Massie called it an “unprecedented escalation of foreign involvement” that amounts to “fully capitulating our nation’s autonomy to foreign influence.”
The American Israel Public Affairs Committee functions as a powerful lobbying force that has effectively shaped US foreign policy to serve Israeli interests, sometimes against American interests, with documented “revolving-door” relationships between AIPAC, the US government, and the Israeli government.
Unlike other countries seeking to influence US policy, Israel has legal and institutionalized access through these organizations, giving it a level of domestic influence that no other foreign power can match. This access extends beyond lobbying to actual legislative drafting, with critics charging that Netanyahu runs Congress through the legislation he writes and sends to American lawmakers.
The current crisis is exacerbated by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s personal legal troubles—facing corruption charges that would likely end his political career, he has been described as taking aggressive actions to secure Israel’s position while simultaneously fighting for his political survival.
This introduces an unstable element into US-Israel relations: a foreign leader willing to manipulate American politics and policy to serve his personal legal and political interests, with critics arguing his aggressive policies are driven more by self-preservation than Israeli national security. The combination of capability, access, influence, and personal motivation makes Israel a uniquely dangerous actor in the American political landscape.
To determine if Israel is truly the biggest threat, we must compare it to other adversaries—China remains America’s primary strategic competitor with global ambitions to displace US dominance, while Russia poses an immediate military threat through its war in Ukraine and proven willingness to interfere in American elections.
However, neither China nor Russia has the same level of authorized access to US military technology, intelligence systems, and governmental processes that Israel enjoys, nor do they have domestic lobbying networks as powerful as AIPAC operating on their behalf. The old adage “trust, but verify” does not apply when you have literally integrated your defense systems with a foreign power.
If “biggest threat” means greatest military potential or most expansive geopolitical ambitions, China retains that title, but if “biggest threat” means greatest capability to harm the United States from within through espionage, influence operations, and legislative capture, then Israel is at minimum among the top tier and arguably the most dangerous.
The distinction between “biggest” and “most unique” is crucial—Israel presents a threat unlike any other because it comes from an “ally” where the US has let its guard down, making it more capable of doing damage than any traditional adversary precisely because of the trust extended to it.
The Defense Department’s own intelligence assessments placing Israel’s espionage threat above even China and Russia confirm that this is not mere conspiracy theory but a genuine intelligence concern. If we compare any other country with influence in the United States, no nation can be more dangerous than Israel itself should the relationship turn adversarial.
This is not to say that Israel is currently an enemy or that the alliance should be abandoned, but rather that the current trajectory of ever-deepening integration without appropriate safeguards is dangerously naive and threatens American sovereignty in unprecedented ways.
The central question for US policymakers is whether the current path of military integration, intelligence sharing, and legislative deference serves the American people or a foreign power with its own distinct interests.
When a foreign government can fund social media campaigns to shape American public opinion, draft legislation for US lawmakers, and threaten to derail American foreign policy when it doesn’t align with its interests, the alliance has fundamentally shifted from partnership to something resembling dependency. America’s founders warned against entangling alliances that could compromise sovereignty—their wisdom deserves renewed attention in this context.
Ultimately, whether Israel is the “biggest” threat depends on whether we define threat as “potential for conflict” or “capacity for harm from within.” In the latter category, Israel may well be the single greatest danger to American sovereignty and security—hidden in plain sight, protected by the very alliance that makes it so dangerous, and operating with capabilities that no other nation can match.
The time for honest conversation about this relationship is now, before the integration becomes so complete that disentanglement becomes impossible.
American News
The Missing Guarantor in U.S.-Iran Diplomacy
Paris (Imran Y. CHOUDHRY) :- Former Press Secretary to the President, Former Press Minister to the Embassy of Pakistan to France, Former MD, SRBC Mr. Qamar Bashir analysis : President Donald Trump has consistently portrayed himself as a man of faith who draws guidance from Christian values and surrounds himself with pastors, priests, and religious leaders. Christianity teaches honesty, compassion, humility, forgiveness, keeping one’s promises, protecting the innocent, respecting one’s neighbors, and seeking peace before conflict. These ideals also reflect many of the civic virtues that Americans deeply value—integrity, fairness, accountability, respect for the law, and honoring one’s commitments.
America’s global influence has never rested solely on its unmatched military or economic power. Equally important has been its reputation that its word carries weight. Allies have cooperated with Washington because they generally believed that American commitments would endure beyond immediate political circumstances. That credibility has often proven more valuable than military strength itself.
It is against this backdrop that President Trump’s foreign policy approach since returning to office in January 2025. His strategic unpredictability is designed to maximize leverage. His frequent policy reversals, shifting deadlines, changing public positions, and abrupt diplomatic turns have created uncertainty among allies, mediators, financial markets, and adversaries alike.
The recent diplomatic efforts involving the United States and Iran illustrate this concern. Multiple rounds of diplomacy took place over many months with the assistance of regional mediators. Discussions began in Egypt, later continued through negotiations in Pakistan and Geneva, and culminated in a Memorandum of Understanding brokered with the assistance of countries including Pakistan, Qatar, Oman, Egypt, and Türkiye.
There is a recurring pattern. Negotiations would begin with optimism. Temporary understandings would be announced. Deadlines would be established. New demands, military developments, sanctions, or conflicting public statements would follow. Each cycle reduced confidence that diplomatic commitments would survive until implementation. The perception itself matters enormously in diplomacy. Once confidence is weakened, every subsequent negotiation becomes significantly more difficult.
This raises a deeper structural weakness in modern international mediation. Mediation succeeds only when agreements can realistically be implemented and monitored. Yet many of today’s mediators possess diplomatic goodwill but very limited leverage over the parties they seek to reconcile.
Pakistan, Qatar, Oman, Egypt, and Türkiye have each invested considerable diplomatic capital in attempting to reduce tensions and facilitate dialogue. Their role deserves recognition. However, none possesses sufficient political, economic, or military leverage to compel either Washington or Tehran to comply with an agreement if either side ultimately decides otherwise. Their influence depends almost entirely upon persuasion and goodwill rather than enforceable authority.
This reveals perhaps the greatest weakness of such agreements. When the guarantors are less powerful than the parties themselves, enforcement becomes largely voluntary. If one party concludes that strategic circumstances have changed, there is often no effective international mechanism capable of ensuring compliance or imposing meaningful consequences.
The imbalance becomes even more pronounced when one party is the world’s most powerful nation. The United States possesses unmatched economic influence, military capability, financial reach, and diplomatic weight. No mediator can realistically compel Washington to implement an agreement against its own policy choices. Likewise, Iran cannot be expected to rely solely on assurances if it believes commitments may change unexpectedly.
Consequently, the durability of any agreement depends less upon external enforcement than upon the willingness of the parties—especially the more powerful one—to demonstrate consistency, restraint, and respect for the commitments they voluntarily undertake.
History offers many examples in which successive U.S. administrations have withdrawn from, revised, or renegotiated international agreements negotiated by previous administrations. These frequent reversals have weakened confidence among allies and negotiating partners, who may begin questioning whether any agreement will remain durable beyond the next political transition. This is not merely a legal issue. It is fundamentally a question of credibility.
Markets understand this reality immediately. Every presidential statement concerning sanctions, military deployments, shipping routes, tariffs, or energy policy affects oil prices, insurance costs, shipping rates, exchange markets, and stock exchanges worldwide. Investors dislike uncertainty more than almost anything else. When official messaging changes frequently, volatility naturally increases.
The Strait of Hormuz demonstrates this dynamic vividly. Even conflicting public statements regarding freedom of navigation, proposed shipping arrangements, economic measures, or maritime security can produce significant movements in global energy markets within hours. In today’s interconnected economy, presidential rhetoric alone can affect the daily lives of billions of people through higher transportation costs, inflation, and energy prices.
This tactical uncertainty may produce short-term bargaining advantages while gradually eroding the strategic trust that underpins alliances, diplomacy, and long-term American leadership. If partners become uncertain whether today’s commitments will remain valid tomorrow, they may increasingly seek alternative security arrangements or reduce their reliance on Washington.
For a superpower, leadership requires more than overwhelming strength. It also requires steadiness. The strongest nation should ideally demonstrate confidence rather than impulsiveness, consistency rather than contradiction, and principled leadership rather than purely transactional calculations.
The United States remains uniquely positioned to shape the international order. That position carries extraordinary responsibility. Because American decisions influence virtually every region of the world, they inevitably affect not only governments but also ordinary families whose livelihoods depend upon stable energy markets, predictable trade, secure shipping, and peaceful diplomacy.
Ultimately, America’s greatest asset is neither its aircraft carriers nor its financial markets. It is the confidence others place in its word. Military power can compel compliance. Economic power can impose costs. But only credibility inspires lasting partnerships and voluntary cooperation.
If the United States consistently demonstrates that it honors its commitments, respects international law, protects humanitarian principles, and approaches diplomacy with patience and predictability, its leadership will continue to command respect across the globe. If, however, unpredictability becomes its defining characteristic, countries may continue to cooperate out of necessity while gradually losing confidence in American leadership.
History suggests that fear can produce obedience, but only trust produces enduring influence. For a nation that has long presented itself as the leader of the free world, preserving that trust may prove to be its greatest strategic challenge in the years ahead.
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